Dandruff is a common scalp condition that causes white or grayish flakes of dead skin to shed, often leading to itching and discomfort. It is primarily caused by an overgrowth of a yeast-like fungus called Malassezia, which feeds on the oils in hair follicles. While not harmful, dandruff can be persistent and embarrassing.
Treatment involves using anti-dandruff shampoos containing ingredients like zinc pyrithione or salicylic acid. Regular scalp care and avoiding harsh hair products can help control dandruff and maintain a healthy scalp.